Beijing, Agasti 21, 2025-Ezinkambini ezithuthuka ngokushesha ezifana nezokuxhumana ze-5G, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi, ne-millimeter{5}}i-wave radar, izixhumi ze-coaxial ze-RF ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokudlulisa isignali, futhi ukusebenza kwazo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuzinza kwalo lonke uhlelo. Ngokukhula kwesidingo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zemvamisa ephezulu, onjiniyela babhekene nezinselelo ezinzima kakhulu. Muva nje, ochwepheshe bomkhakha bafingqe amathiphu amahlanu asebenzayo ukusiza onjiniyela balungiselele ukwakheka kwesixhumi, bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola, futhi balule impilo yesisetshenziswa.
Ithiphu 1: Khetha Ukufaniswa Kwe-Impedans Okulungile
Ukuphazamiseka kwezixhumi ze-RF coaxial (imvamisa engu-50Ω noma i-75Ω) kufanele ihambisane kahle nesistimu; uma kungenjalo, ukubonakaliswa kwesignali nokulahlekelwa amandla kuzophumela. "Kuma-millimeter-amabhendi efrikhwensi ye-wave (isb, ngaphezu kuka-28GHz), ngisho nokuchezuka kwe-dimensional okungu-0.1mm kungabangela ukwehla okukhulu ku-SWR," kuphawula umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe kumkhiqizi wesixhumi samazwe ngamazwe. Onjiniyela kufanele babeke phambili ukusebenzisa amamodeli ajwayelekile okuvimbela ahlinzekwa umenzi futhi baqinisekise ukufana kwangempela kusetshenziswa i-vector network analyzer (VNA).
Ithiphu 2: Naka ukuhlanza nokugcina ukuxhumana nokuxhumana.
Izikhonkwane zokuxhuma namasokhethi athambekele ku-oxidation kanye nemfucumfucu yensimbi ngemva kokufaka nokususwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, okuholela ekwandeni kokumelana nokuxhumana. "Sincoma ukusebenzisa i-alcohol-yamahhala we-cotton swab ukuhlanza abathintwayo futhi ufake izivalo zothuli endaweni enzima," kusho unjiniyela obambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwe-6G prototype. Ezimweni eziphakeme-zokuthembeka (ezifana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aerospace), ubukhulu begolide beplating kufanele budlule u-1μm ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa.
Ithiphu 3: Lungiselela isilawuli setorque yokufaka.
Ukuqinisa ngokweqile noma ukuqinisa kancane kunganciphisa impilo yesixhumi. Idatha yemboni ibonisa ukuthi i-torque enconyiwe yezixhumi ze-SMA ingu-0.7–1.0 N·m, kuyilapho izixhumi ezinemba ezingu-2.92mm zidinga ukunemba okungu-0.35 N·m. "Ukusebenzisa i-torque-enomkhawulo we-wrench kunciphisa iphutha lomuntu, elibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi," kugcizelela umphathi we-R&D womkhiqizi wezinto zokuhlola.
Ithiphu 4: Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela kumafrikhwensi aphezulu.
Ku-5G millimeter wave frequency band, ukungasebenzi kahle kokuvikela isixhumi okunganele kungaholela ezindabeni zokuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Izixazululo zakamuva zifaka ukuvikela okuthathu kanye{2}}nezinto eziphansi ze-dielectric-zokufakwa njalo njalo. "Elebhu yethu, sithole ukuthi ukungeza i-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) padding kungathuthukisa ukuvikela izivikelo ezingaphezu kuka-10dB," kusho umholi wethimba labacwaningi basenyuvesi.
Ithiphu 5: Ukuxazulula Inkinga Ngokushesha
Uma isistimu ihlangabezana nokudidayo kwesignali, onjiniyela bangasebenzisa-indlela yezinyathelo ezintathu ukuze bathole izinkinga zesixhumi:
1. Ukuhlola okubukwayo: Qaphela izikhonkwane ezigobile noma ukuxebuka kwe-plating;
2. Ukuhlolwa kwesizinda sesikhathi se-reflectometry (TDR): Thola ukungaqhubeki kwe-impedance;
3. Indlela yokufaka esikhundleni: Faka esikhundleni isixhumi esisolisayo ukuze uqinisekise udaba.
"Amaphutha-emvamisa ephezulu avamise ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezintathu zokuqala zokuxhumanisa. Ukubeka kuqala lezi zindawo kungonga isikhathi esingaphezu kuka-50% sokuxazulula inkinga," kweluleka unjiniyela omkhulu we-RF.
I-Industry Trend: I-Miaturization ne-high frequency iyahlangana ngokuhambisana
Njengoba osayizi bephakheji ye-chip bencipha, isidingo sezixhumi ezinkulu-ezincane, ngisho no-1.0mm no-0.8mm, sikhula ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-waveguide-kuya{5}}kubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwe-coaxial obusekela amaza angaphezu kuka-110 GHz isiphenduke indawo yocwaningo nentuthuko. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi izixhumi ezihlakaniphile ezinesinxephezelo esihlanganisiwe sokushisa zizoba yinsakavukela kancane kancane phakathi neminyaka emihlanu ezayo.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezixhumi ze-RF coaxial kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kwethiyori nokwenza. Ukwenza kahle la masu angenhla ngeke nje kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezobunjiniyela kodwa futhi kuzobeka isisekelo esiqinile-sengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana yesizukulwane esilandelayo. Njengoba omunye uchwepheshe wemboni akubeka, "Imininingwane inquma impumelelo noma ukwehluleka{3}}kumasiginali wefrikhwensi ephezulu, futhi izixhumi ziyingqikithi yale mininingwane."
(Imithombo yedatha: International Connector Association (ICA), IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques)